Inflammation

Acute inflammation is an immune response to a pathogen, irritant, or injury to remove whatever has caused the response, dispose of damaged tissue, and initiate healing. Resident immune cells at the site of insult recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) and release various inflammatory mediators. Initial responses include vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and extravasation of leukocytes. Mediators of inflammation include bradykinins, the complement system, cytokines, chemokines, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins among others. Chronic inflammation is characterized by infiltration of the tissue site by macrophages and lymphocytes leading to overall tissue damage. Chronic inflammatory diseases include diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, allergies, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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