3-Methyladenine (5142-23-4) inhibits autophagy by blocking autophagosome formation via inhibition of type III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI-3K)^1,2. Protects 1321N1 astrocytoma cells against pyocyanin and hydroxyphenazine-induced toxicity³. 3-Methyladenine enhances induction of apoptosis by celastrol (Cat.# 10-2187) in human pancreatic cancer cells⁴.

References/Citations
1) Seglen and Gordon et al. (1982), 3-Methyladenine: specific inhibitor of autophagic/lysosomal protein degradation in isolated rat hepatocytes; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 79 1889
2) Blommaart et al. (1997), The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 inhibit autophagy in isolated rat hepatocytes; Eur. J. Biochem., 243 240
3) McFarland et al. (2012), Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine protects 1321N1 astrocytoma cells against pyocyanin- and 1-hydroxyphenazine-induced toxicity; Arch. Toxicol., 86 275
4) Zhao et al. (2014), Inhibition of autophagy strengthens celastrol-induced apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo models; Curr. Mol. Med., 14 555