Amiodarone HCl (19774-82-4) is a nonselective ion channel blocker. Class III antiarrhythmic.¹ Induces cytochrome c release and induces apoptosis.² An alkalizing agent which stimulates progranulin (GRN) production and prevents GRN-dependent neurodegeneration.³ Induces autophagy and suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis via autophagy-mediated MIR224 degradation in vitro and in vivo.⁴

References/Citations
1) Yamase et al. (2012), Effectiveness of amiodarone verus bepridil in achieving conversion to sinus rhythm in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: a randomized trial; Heart, 98 1067
2) Di Matola et al. (2000), Amiodrarone induces cytochrome c release and apoptosis through an iodine-independent mechanism; J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 85 4323
3) Capell et al. (2011), Rescue of progranulin deficiency associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration by alkalizing reagents and inhibition of vacuolar ATPase; J. Neurosci., 31 1885
4) Lan et al. (2014), Autophagy-preferential degradation of MIR224 participates in hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis; Autophagy, 10 1687