Citreoviridin | Mitochondrial and Ectopic ATPase inhibitor

Citreoviridin (25425-12-1) is a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus species.¹ It is an inhibitor of both the mitochondrial (K_i = 4.5 μM)² and ectopic ATPase³ and selectively suppresses the growth and proliferation of lung cancer cells without affecting normal cells³. It induces liver fibrosis in mice⁴ and induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through the lysosomal-mitochondria axis in human liver cells⁵. Low concentrations of citreoviridin prevent both calcium deposition in vascular smooth muscle cells and osteoclast activation in vitro.⁶

References/CItations:

1. Luo et al. (2022), Simultaneous determination of twelve mycotoxins in edible oil, soy sauce and bean sauce by PRiME HLB solid phase extraction combined with HPLC-Orbitrap HRMS; Front. Nutr. 9 1001671
2. Sayood et al. (1989), Effect of citreoviridin and isocitreoviridin on beef heart mitochondrial ATPase; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 270 714
3. Wu et al. (2013), Quantitative proteomic analysis of human lung tumor xenografts treated with the ectopic ATP synthase inhibitor citreoviridin; PLoS One 8 e70642
4. Dong et al. (2022), Exosomal miR-181a-2-3p derived from citreoviridin-treated hepatocytes activates hepatic stellate cells through inducing mitochondrial calcium overload; Chem. Biol. Interact. 358 109899
5. Wang et al. (2015), Citreoviridin induces Autophagy-Dependent Apoptosis through Lysosomal-Mitochondrial Axis in Human Liver HepG2 Cells; Toxins (Basel) 7 3030
6. Jeong et al. (2023), A low Concentration of Citreoviridin Prevents Both Intracellular Calcium Deposition in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell and Osteoclast Activation In Vitro; Molecules 28 1693