Muscone | Cardioprotective and neuroprotective agent

Muscone (541-92-3) is a macrocyclic ketone found naturally in a glandular secretion of the musk deer which acts at human odorant receptor OR5AN1 and is used in perfumes.¹  It suppresses inflammatory responses and neuronal damage in various models including a rat model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy² and relieves inflammatory pain acting via the NOX4/JAK2-STAT3 and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway³.  In the cardiovascular system it alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury⁴ and improves cardiac function in mice after myocardial infarction⁵ via enhancement of angiogenesis⁶.

References/Citations:

1. Ahmed et al. (2018), Molecular mechanism of activation of human musk receptors OR5AN1 and OR1A1 by (R)-muscone and diverse other musk-smelling compounds; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 115 E3950
2. Zhou et al. (2020), Muscone suppresses inflammatory responses and neuronal damage in a rat model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy by regulating Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission; J. Neurochem. 155 154
3. Yu et al. (2020), Muscone relieves inflammatory pain by inhibiting microglial activation-mediated inflammatory response via abrogation of the NOX4/JAK2-STAT3 pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome; Immunopharmacol. 82 106355
4. Wei et al. (2021), Muscone alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibition of oxidative stress and enhancement of SIRT3; J. Neurochem. 155 154
5. Yu et al. (2020), Muscone improves cardiac function in mice after myocardial infarction by alleviating cardiac macrophage-mediated chronic inflammation through inhibition of NF-kB and NLRP3 inflammasome; J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents 35 85
6. Du et al. (2018), Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α)/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Pathway Participates in Angiogenesis of Myocardial Infarction in Muscone-Treated Mice; Am. J. Transl. Res. 10 4235