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The human immune system is composed of two major parts, the adaptive immune system and the innate immune system. The initial reaction to a pathogen involves the innate system, a non-specific response that involves inflammation, leukocytes, and the complement system. The adaptive immune system response is carried out by B cell and T cell lymphocytes. B cells are activated to secrete antibodies to the pathogen, present antigen, and secrete cytokines and various T cells kill target cells, activate macrophages, and stimulate B cells to produce antibodies. The adaptive immune system also creates immunological memory through memory B and T cells that provide enhanced protection to future infection.
Immunosuppressants
FK-506
FK-506 induced immunosuppression by inhibiting T cell proliferation
Mycophenolic acid
Blocks the biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides via inhibition of 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase
Caerulomycin
Suppresses T cell activation and IFNγ secretion
Triptolide
Triptolide is a potent immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory agent
STING
H151
H151 is an inhibitor of STING in mouse and human cells
DMXAA
DMXAA is a STING agonist in mice
2′,3′-cGAMP
2′,3′-cGAMP is an endogenous agonist of STING
Chemokines
PF-4136309
PF-4136309 is a potent and selective inhibitor of CCR2
Maraviroc
Maraviroc is a potent and selective inhibitor of CCR5
Reparixin
Reparixin is an allosteric CXCR1/2 antagonist
Cancer Immunotherapy
Epacadostat
Epacadostat is a potent and selective inhibitor of IDO1
CPI-444
CPI-444 is a potent and selective adenosine A2A antagonist
Motolimod
Selective TLR8 agonist
SHP099
SHP099 is an SHP2 phosphatase inhibitor that mediates PD-1 and CTLA immune checkpoint pathways
Toll-like receptors
Motolimod
Motolimod is a selective TLR8 agonist
Resiquimod
Resiquimod is a TLR7/8 agonist
Suplatast tosilate
Suplatast suppresses innate immunity by downregulating TLR2 and TLR4
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